The Modern Era Of Hypnosis And Hypnotherapy - 941 Words

The modern era of hypnosis and hypnotherapy began with Franz Anton Mesmer, the Viennese physician. Mesmer favored an altogether gentler approach, and his devotion to his patients was quite extraordinary. His breakthrough case was that of Franzl Oesterline, a 27 year old woman suffering from what Mesmer described as a convulsive malady, â€Å"the most troublesome symptoms of which was that the blood rushed to her head and there set up the most cruel toothaches and earaches, followed by delirium, rage, vomiting and swooning†. These symptoms were so severe that Fraulein Oesterline moved into Mesmer’s house to receive round-the-clock care. Returning to the theories of his student days, Mesmer introduced a cure by using a magnet to disrupt the gravitational tides adversely affecting his patient. He successfully induced in Fraulein Oesterline the sensation of a fluid draining rapidly from her body, taking her illness with it. Her recovery after that was complete and virtually instantaneous (Kirsch et.al., 1995). From a modern perspective, we can see that the results were produced by the hypnotic suggestion of a fluid draining from the body, a wonderful healing metaphor that wouldn’t be out of place in a 21st century hypnotherapy practice. Even Mesmer realized that the magnet had nothing to do with the cure. His system rested on the belief that illness was caused by depleted levels of animal magnetism, and that these could be replenished by the healer transmitting some of his ownShow MoreRelatedHypnosis : A Form Of Complementary Therapy1379 Words   |  6 PagesHypnosis (hypnotherapy) is â€Å"a form of complementary therapy that the old power of positive suggestion to bring about sub-conscious change to our thoughts, feelings and behavior. The process itself aims to alter our state of consciousness in a way that relaxes the conscious part of the mind while simultaneously stimulating and focusing the subconscious part. This heightened state of awareness to reached using skilled relax ation techniques and allows the therapist to then make appropriate suggestions†Read MoreThe Roots Of Hypnosis And The Early Ages Of Ancient Civilizations Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech 101 Ani Hovhannisyan All about Hypnosis Ancient Greek fabulist Aesop once said, â€Å"Persuasion is often more effectual than force.† Persuasion, particularly altered state of mind, can be achieved by utilizing mind-control and hypnotic techniques. The roots of hypnosis trace back to the early ages of ancient civilizations. Ever since the 18th century when the use of hypnosis as a therapeutic tool was brought to the attention of public, it has continuedRead MoreDebate Topics6648 Words   |  27 PagesHypnotherapy is therapy that is undertaken with a subject in hypnosis.[citation needed] The word hypnosis (from the Greek hypnos, sleep) is an abbreviation of James Braid s (1841) term neuro-hypnotism, meaning sleep of the nervous system. A person who is hypnotized displays certain unusual characteristics and propensities, compared with a non-hypnotized subject, most notably hyper-suggestibility, which some authorities have considered a sine qua non of hypnosis. For example, Clark L. HullRead MoreThe Mind Body Concept Of Healing1757 Words   |  8 Pagesconcept of healing is not new. What is now called Hypnosis has been known to exist in almost all societies in the past, although its nature has hardly been understood. Although the term â€Å"hypnosis† has been used only since the 1840s, priests, shamans, healers and medicine men began using this technique, or some form of it, centuries earlier. Evidence of hypnotic-like phenomena appears in many ancient cultures. There are written records about hypnosis going back 5,000 years in Mesopotamia and Egypt

Expansion Of The United States - 1761 Words

The United States expanded territorially in many different ways. One of the main ways was war, also purchasing land or just taking land, as they did to the Indians. There were many points of view on expanding territorially and many reasons why or why not the United States should expand. The ideas of manifest destiny, imperialism, social darwinism, and the fear that if the United States didn’t join in and try to acquire land then there would be no land left for them. They would be inferior to other countries and that is not what they wanted. On the other hand anti-imperialist thought that expansion was immoral and they were afraid that expanding too much would start polluting America and threaten American Liberties. In the end the United†¦show more content†¦The white Anglo-Americans took their land and forced them onto reservations. Reservations were land that was undesirable to the whites. The natives rebelled and out broke â€Å"The Indian Wars†. Resistance with Indians began when they started attacking isolated ranches and wagon trains. When the rebellion started, the US army became more involved and because of this involvement natives started targeting white soldiers. The Indians fought because they wanted to take back the territory that was once theirs. White vigilantes took matters into their own hands and created â€Å"Indian hunting† which made killing Indians into a sport. People who did not want to do the hunting themselves would reward people to do the dirty work for them. Some Indians were tricked when they were offered to attend peace conferences and ended up dead because they were poisoned or murdered. The Indians, however, did have some success in the Indian wars. For example the battle of Little Bighorn in June 1876, one of the largest assembled Indian army that consisted of 2,500 warriors, surrounded George A. Custer’s regiment and killed every man. The regiment was made up of 264 members. Because of the la ck of supplies and political organization the warriors separated into different bands. In 1887 The Dawes Act â€Å"provided for the gradual elimination of tribal ownership of land and the allotment of tracts to individual owners† (Brinkley 463). Cheap train fair

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Free Essays

string(175) " possibly the most important move for the disabled community, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 removed many physical and intellectual barriers to individuals with disabilities\." The first impression that the average person might have when reading about the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) is that it appears to be greatly beneficial to Americans with disabilities. Certainly, it was intended to be of assistance to these individuals; however, a question remains regarding the degree of assistance that it provided to the, or if it was beneficial at all. The intention of the ADA was to open access to all aspects of society, to people with all kinds of disabilities. We will write a custom essay sample on The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was intended to prevent discrimination against individuals with disabilities in the same way that previous civil rights laws protected people from discrimination based on race or biological sex. The ADA is divided into five sections, called â€Å"titles. † These titles each address certain topics including various regulations for businesses and organizations of almost any size or purpose, requirements for communications over the telephone, and other provisions in terms of providing physical access, as well as other forms of access to the disabled population. Overall, the ADA does provide the valuable protections to many Americans. It allows individuals with disabilities to have access to education, employment, housing who may not have previously had opportunities in these areas. However, the ADA is not without its issues. The language of the ADA at times goes beyond regulating easily defined and delimited impairments that have objectively determined bases to protecting individuals defined as â€Å"impaired† merely because they are affected by people’s perceptions of a condition or illness that they possess. The language of the ADA raises other issues as well, including the suggestions that the ADA is little more than an enforced quota system or that the measure â€Å"infantilizes† the individuals that it claims to protect. This paper will be used to summarize the ADA and describe its history, as well as some of its effects. Some of the individuals involved with ADA and its policymaking will be addressed. Finally, this paper will be used to discuss the assumptions and values inherent in the ADA and some recommendations for its change. The History of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 The ADA is a civil rights bill. When it passed into law on July 26, 1990 the people who wrote it expected that it would protect individuals with disabilities in the same manner that the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The ADA is divided into five sections, known as â€Å"titles. † These titles define, suggest, or regulate a number of different issues, including: 1. Equal employment opportunities 2. Access to public services overseen by state and local governments 3. Access to both publicly- and privately-run businesses for people with disabilities whenever possible 4. The availability of telephone and other voice communication services to the hearing impaired 5. Definitions of the breadth, depth, and limits of ADA protections and of limitations to state immunity, as well as describing technical assistance programs of importance to businesses (Eckert, 2003). Regardless of the size, all state and local governments fall under the provisions of the ADA. The provisions of the ADA also apply to all sizes of business, regardless of how many people are employed by those businesses. Certain exceptions are made, however, when compliance would cause undue hardship for the business that needs to make modifications. Before the 1960s, people with disabilities were often removed from the general population. Previous generations assumed that individuals with disabilities were â€Å"suffering† due sins either they or their ancestors had committed. Children with disabilities were sent to separate schools from other children, if they were educated at all. The first attempts to care for American citizens with disabilities did not come until the nineteenth century, when life was a little easier and people were able to turn to doing charitable acts. These acts sprung from the community having a â€Å"humanitarian religious background that stressed the responsibility of the successful to help the unfortunate† (Rubin Roessler, 2001, p. 6). The first efforts made benefited individuals who were deaf or blind; only later were attempts made to assist individuals who were mentally retarded or mentally ill (Rubin Roessler, 2001, pp. 6-7). Regardless of these advances, new laws were passed in the second half of the nineteenth century that were based on the scientific theories of eugenics. These laws prohibited people with mental or emotional disabilities from marrying, among other things, to remove them from the gene pool (Rubin Roessler, 2001, pp. 15-18), eventually leading to individuals with disabilities being segregated, including segregation through special education and vocational education. Eventually, as expectations for social responsibility waned, the government took on the role of setting guidelines as to how people with disabilities were treated. Progress first came in terms of worker’s compensation laws and rehabilitation acts. The Depression slowed much of the progress being made in rehabilitation services, but eventually the improved economy resulted in the creation of a number of rehabilitation programs (Rubin Roessler, 2001, pp. 31-32). The period between 1954 and 1972 for that time to be called â€Å"The Golden Era of Rehabilitation† due to all of the legislation enacted during this time (Rubin Roessler, 2001, p. 34). One of these pieces of legislation was the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1954, which authorized funding for vocational education and expanded services. In addition, amendments to the Social Security Act provided aid for individuals with disabilities (Rubin Roessler, 2001, pp. 33-36). Despite these efforts, individuals with disabilities still faced discrimination. Even the Civil Rights Act, passed in 1964, did not protect people with disabilities from discrimination. However, the Civil Rights Act was the first among this kind of legislation to formulate actual penalties against those states that did no enforce the Act. These penalties included â€Å"termination of financial assistance if states and communities receiving federal funds refuse to comply with federal desegregation orders† (Rubin Roessler, 2001, p. 42). The Civil Rights Act, however, did provide the foundation for other legislation, such as the Architectural Barriers Act, passed in 1968. In what was quite possibly the most important move for the disabled community, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 removed many physical and intellectual barriers to individuals with disabilities. You read "The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990" in category "Papers" The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 was one of these acts of legislation. The ADA built upon previous acts by prohibiting discrimination against individuals with disabilities, as described in an earlier section. The sociopolitical model came into being at about the same time the ADA was passed. As the medical model fell out of favor, having a disability was no longer considered a stigma and the isolation of individuals with disabilities was slowly put aside. Instead of seeking to segregate the disabled or trying to â€Å"fix† them, the new model is attempting to integrate them and bring equality to the disabled population. Individuals with disabilities were brought into the educational system and into the workforce and were perceived as equals perhaps for the first time in history. Both the ADA and the legislation that reauthorized its provisions addressed many areas of discrimination against individuals with disabilities. As part of this focus on discriminatory practices, Title I of the ADA addressed pre-employment testing and screening. According to Power (2000) the ADA â€Å"mandated when employment testing should be done, and described how testing must relate to the essential functions of the job (p. xiii). Testing accommodations under the ADA were divided into the categories of medium, time limits, and content (Power, 2000, p. xiii). These limits allowed more individuals with disabilities to have wider scope when taking pre-employment tests, permitting them to test in areas for which they may have previously been arbitrarily deemed unsuited. Positive and Negative Impacts of the ADA However, not all of the effects of this legislation were necessarily positive ones. The ADA undeniably fostered ill feelings in the American public, based on the public’s perception of the ADA being nothing more than legislation that enforced quotas or as legislation that encouraged abuse through its widely inclusive language. This last perception was reinforced by the popular culture in the media, such as its mocking treatment in segments of the popular cartoons The Simpsons and King of the Hill. These two programs featured episodes in which characters deliberately abused the ADA, forcing situations by which they fit the apparently loose provisions of the act. In the mind of the public, Homer deliberately overeating to fit the definition of â€Å"morbid obesity† and the efforts of Hank Hill’s co-workers to force various personal issues into compliance with the ADA provisions showed how the ADA could reinforce or even reward malingering. The King of the Hill episode took a sly jab in this vein at the ADA by its conclusion, which showed the entire office being â€Å"protected† under the auspices of the ADA, with only the manager being held responsible for doing any work (Krieger, 2000, p. 20). The last scene of that particular King of the Hill episode may be of importance for several reasons. First, as already noted, it sends a subtle message to the American public, many of whom do not have informed opinions about the act, about the ADA. Second, as noted by Cary LaCheen, a parallel exists between the way that the media portrays the ADA and the manner upon which it is ruled in the courts (cited in Krieger, 2000, p. 25). Finally, this final scene might have played on fears that the American public had at the time of the â€Å"high levels of job instability and worker displacement† that characterized the then-current labor market and that potentially bred â€Å"insecurity, fear, and resentment toward employment protections extended to members of disadvantaged groups (Krieger, 2000, p. 28). While these publicly-held sentiments are not caused by the ADA itself, they are a response to the frequently vague and over-broad language and interpretations of the language of the act itself. Schwochau and Blanck (2000) suggest that the ADA has actually had a negative effect on the employment of people with disabilities or, at the very least, that the ADA has not created improved working conditions for individuals with disabilities. The authors indicate that at the time that their article was written the figures produced in the surveys provided by the National Organization on Disability actually reflected a decline in the number of such individuals who were employed (Schwochau Blanck, 2000, p. 271). The same surveys indicated that educational barriers still remain, with individuals with disabilities still obtaining unequal education despite being largely integrated into the general education population. However, the surveys indicated that there had been some increase in employment for severely disabled individuals (Schwochau Blanck, 2000, p. 271). Two interesting and potentially disturbing aspects exist in the ADA legislation. One such aspect is that it legislates people’s perceptions; that is, if the perceptions of others cause a person to be perceived as disabled, then that person is protected under the provisions of the ADA (Boyd, 2002, p. 2). Boyd (2002) lists HIV status, disfiguring facial scars, and morbid obesity as three such perceived disabilities (p. 2). Another difficult aspect is that the ADA, intended to prevent discrimination, is discriminatory in and of itself. It does not recognize the rights of all individuals with disabilities; rather, it recognizes the rights of only those individuals whose disabilities meet the statutory definition of disability (Colker, date, p. 98). While the drafters of this act chose to use longstanding definitions of certain disabilities, adopting some definitions from Section 504 from the Rehabilitation Act, it is clear from the above paragraph that these definitions contain some gray areas. Because individuals who do not meet these defined limits are not covered by the ADA, people who lack disabilities are unable to bring reverse discrimination suits or otherwise â€Å"challenge favorable treatment of individuals with disabilities† (Colker, date, p. 98). This narrow concept of who is covered by the ADA also has the potential to create a type of affirmative action program for individuals with disabilities (Colker, date, p. 98). Previous incarnations of affirmative action programs have not been effective for those individuals they allegedly protected. Rather, there has been some argument that affirmative action programs that emphasize the â€Å"needs† rather than the â€Å"rights† of certain groups actually â€Å"infantilize† those individuals (Burke, 1997, p. 271). Who is Involved in the Debate? The debate on the ADA is widespread and covers many areas of society. On the one hand, the National Organization on Disability and other similar groups stand in advocacy of individuals with disabilities. Educators at all levels have also taken up the banner of accessibility and inclusion. Economists, on the other hand, appear to be arguing that the ADA is not as beneficial as it was once thought it could be. Regardless of these positions, however, the influence of the ADA continues to be debated. One source of current debate comes from the technology sector. Because the ADA grants equal access to individuals with disabilities, one question that currently exists is whether or not this guarantee of access extends to commercial and private websites (National Council on Disability, 2003, par. 1). This debate extends from Title 3 of the ADA and the definition of the word â€Å"place† as used in that title. If individuals with disabilities are unable to access these site through electronic aids such as synthetic speech or Braille outputs, are the parties who run these sites liable to provide them access (National Council on Disability, 2003, par. 12). Although a great deal of the access issue can be resolved with a small amount of additional programming effort, how far is it necessary to go to be in compliance with the ADA–or does it extend at all to the Internet? Although the answer to this question has been ruled as â€Å"no† in the past, advocacy groups continue to argue that the provisions of the ADA cover more than just physical spaces. One perception of the ADA is that the law â€Å"forces† equality by requiring employers to treat individuals with disabilities differently to permit them to function as other employees’ equals. However, as Schwochau and Blanck (2000) points out, companies are already in the position of purchasing equipment by which employees can perform their jobs in an equitable fashion. Purchasing a piece of equipment that enables an individual with a disability to do his or her job should be considered â€Å"no more than standard practice† (p. 312). However, the cost of the accommodations that required by the ADA may outweigh the benefits to the employer, â€Å"resulting in market inefficiencies and welfare losses† (Schwochau, Blanck, 2000, p. 308). The primary assumption of the ADA appears to be that a person with a disability is as capable as any other worker might be, given the chance. The National Organization on Disability (NOD) paints a rosy picture of this assumption, reminding employers that among other things: o Hiring individuals with disabilities eases concern over the labor supply o Job performance ratings and retention rates for individuals with disabilities are equal to or higher than for other workers, while at the same time exhibiting lower absenteeism rates o Tax benefits are available to companies that hire individuals with disabilities (National Organization on Disability Website) However, these assumptions may not be as widespread in practice as they are in discussion. According to Maheady and Fleming (2005) it is common for nurse educators and facility administrators to â€Å"voice concerns and hold preconceived notions of success or failure before the student [with a disability] even steps on their floor† (p. 52). These concerns and notions include the accommodations that will need to be made and the issue of patient safety (Maheady Fleming, 2005, p. 52). Recommendations and Rationale for Change One potentially helpful change would be to change the language of the ADA, particularly the language concerning the terms â€Å"reasonable accommodation† and â€Å"undue hardship,† as well as the language that defines disabilities. The language currently in use in these areas of the ADA is both vague and broad in its application. As shown by the exaggerated situations used to comedic effect by the television programs described above, the vague definitions of these terms are open to abuse. If it is reasonable for a person to provide assistance for a person with a hearing impairment to use the telephone, why would it be unreasonable to provide the addict depicted in the King of the Hill episode with lowered lights and a quiet environment? At what point does â€Å"undue hardship† begin if there is no financial cost to the business? When does the â€Å"reasonable accommodation† for one worker begin to impose on another if that imposition is not defined by physical space? In many cases, however, this episode demonstrates the opposite of how individuals with disabilities are treated. Rather than making an extra effort to comply with the reasonable accommodation aspect of the ADA, employers seek to avoid making changes in the workplace. However, individuals with disabilities would often stay in the workforce longer if they would get accommodation. Ultimately, changing the language of the ADA to reflect making these accommodations would save the government money in the long run, by removing people from the welfare rolls, which, ultimately, would serve the public good–and would serve business–by avoiding higher taxes. Another limitation of the ADA is its lack of precision in matters of Internet access. The ADA is legislation of the 1990s; new concerns now exist in terms of online communication that might be addressed by a modified ADA. Although computers were online to a certain extent when the ADA was compiled, the Internet has become far more pervasive since that time. Technology does exist that enables individuals with hearing or visual impairments to use the Internet; however, what is the obligation to the employer to provide this costly equipment to a single employee? Would a refusal to provide this equipment be covered by the â€Å"undue hardship† area of the ADA, or would it constitute discrimination. Without an update to the language of the ADA, situations created by current and future technology will remain unaddressed. Rather than rely on the input of a small selection of interest groups, it would seem wise to widen the scope of information gathering for these proposed modifications. Community seminars could be used to form local focus groups, which in turn could produce reports to be compiled into a block of regional or nationwide research. These seminars would have the beneficial side effects of informing the public and enabling them to feel empowered as they provide their input on something that has an effect on their working lives. At the same time, these focus groups could serve to change the opinion of the public about individuals with disabilities, as some people in the general public have the impression that members of the disabled population do not want to work. In addition to these focus groups, councils formed by those individuals who work with the disabled community and members of the business community might be established to discuss and define an alternative to the terms â€Å"undue hardship† and â€Å"reasonable accommodation. † These and other questions should be addressed to improve both public perception of the ADA and its application in the business world Finally, changes could also be made to the ADA in terms of defining disability. Public perception of a person with a disability is that of a person in a wheelchair. This stereotyped perception leads to wheelchair ramps being installed outside of public buildings, such as schools, or even outside of some privately owned business and retail stores. However, not all disabilities are visible. Some individuals have disabilities related to heart disease or immunodeficiency diseases. These individuals often have difficulty breathing or lack energy and lack the ability to climb stairs. Their only alternative in these situations is that of walking long distances through these ramps, which may actually aggravate the conditions that they possess. By creating a more inclusive list of disabilities and their definitions that is reflective of these hidden and unfamiliar conditions, more appropriate accommodations might become more available to a greater portion of the disabled community. Conclusion Throughout the history of the profession, social workers have been involved in seeking social equality and social justice for people caught in an unequal and often unfair system. Within this role, social workers have often actively participated in the political process. Therefore, social workers have an obligation to lobby local, state, and even federal legislatures to pass laws that grant businesses money to make the specific accommodations required by people with disabilities. Some funding already exists; however, it does not meet the needs of either individuals with disabilities or of the businesses seeking to accommodate them. The ADA created a new realm of opportunity for individuals with disabilities. However, while well intentioned, some of the aspects of the ADA are problematic. Economic results do not reflect the predictions made by the supporters of the bill before it passed into law. In addition, some areas of the ADA are in need of modification to reflect today’s concerns. Although the ADA is a stride in the right direction for individuals with disabilities, the journey toward equal rights and access for these individuals remains a long one. In truth, the ADA should not be considered a finished product, neither now or in the future. As society changes and the use of technology grows, the ADA will need to be redesigned and redefined to take these changes into consideration. The future of the United States is formed by the future of its people, no matter who they are or what their abilities might be. For that reason, the ADA as it exists now should be considered the starting point, not the ending point, for this piece of legislation. References Boyd, S. (2002). Americans with Disabilities Act: How this act affects you and your business. Heritage, 6(3). http://bus. cba. utulsa. edu/buslaw/Articles/Americans%20With%20Disabilities%20Act. pdf Burke, T. F. (1997). On the rights track: The Americans with disabilities act. Comparative Disadvantages? Social Regulations and the Global Economy, Pietro S. Nivlola, Ed. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. 242-318. http://bus. cba. utulsa. edu/buslaw/Articles/Americans%20With%20Disabilities%20Act. pdf Colker, R. (2005). The disability pendulum: The first decade of the Americans with Disabilities Act. New York: New York University. Eckert, J. M. (2003). People with disabilities, employment, the workplace: A ready-reference guide for Illinois Businesses. Chicago: Statewide Independent Living Council of Illinois. Krieger, L. (2000). Backlash against the Americans with Disabilities Act: Interdisciplinary perspectives and implications for social justice strategies. Boalt Working Papers in Public Law. Retrieved 13 May 2007 from http://repositories. cdlib. org/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1089context=boaltwp Maheady, D. C. , Fleming, S. E. (2005, Summer). Nursing with the hand you are given. Minority Nurse. 50-54. National Council on Disability (2003). When the Americans with Disabilities Act goes online: Application of the ADA to the Internet and the Worldwide Web. http://www. ncd. gov/newsroom/publications/2003/adainternet. htm National Organization on Disability. (2001). The top 10 reasons to hire People with disabilities. http://www. nod. org/index. cfm? fuseaction=page. viewPagepageID=1430nodeID=1FeatureID=253redirected=1CFID=13076268CFTOKEN=7389169 Power, P. W. (2000). A guide to vocational assessment. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed. Rubin, S. E. , Roessler, R. T. (2001). Foundations of the vocational rehabilitation process. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed. Schwochau, S. , Blanck, P. D. (2000). The economics of the Americans with Disabilities Act, Part III: Does the ADA disable the disabled? Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law, 21: 271-313. Retrieved 10 May 2007 from http://www. boalt. org/BJELL/21-1/21-1-271. pdf How to cite The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Papers

Comparative Data free essay sample

Health Care Finance Complete the following table by writing responses to the questions. Cite the sources in the text and list them at the bottom of the table. What criterion must be met for true comparability? | For true comparability, consistency, verification and unit measurement must be met. Consistency is vital to make sure that all things are done in the same manner throughout the same time period. Verification is important to ensure that all of the collected information is valid and holds evidence of the validity of your data. Unit measurement is important to ensure that all money transacted is input in the same denomination. | What elements of consistency should be considered? Provide an example. | The following three methods of consistency should be considered: Time periods,which means for example, a 4 month time period should not be compared with a 6 month time period. It is important for lengths of time to be compared with similar lengths of time. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative Data or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Consistent methodology which means if you begin a time period, for example, using one method of inventorying, that you do not change methods in the middle of the time period and adopt a new method for doing things. Determination of inflation factors, for example, if multiple years are being compared, will your company take inflation into consideration throughout those time periods or not? | What is the manager’s responsibility in comparing data? | It is important for the manger to stay aware of whether the data they receive is appropriate for comparing. It is also the responsibility of the manager to recall and apply the elements of consistency. | What are the four common uses of comparative data? | The four common uses of comparative data are comparing current expenses to current budget, comparing current actual expenses to prior periods in the same organization, compare data of your organization to other organizations, compare data from your organization to industry standard data. | What is meant by standardized data? | What is meant by standardized data is that an rganization or company has a â€Å"standard† set of rules or regulations or data collection so that information and data that is obtained can be compared.

Leadership Workshop free essay sample

It involves establishing a clear vision and sharing it with others so that they will follow willingly. The leader will provide the information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision and at the same time will coordinate and balance the conflicting interests of all members involved. Unlike management, leadership cannot be taught, although it may be learned and enhanced through coaching or mentoring. Chain Management leader Leadership is so broad that it encompasses many traits and characteristics but in my opinion I would highlight the 5 main points to achieve Leadership inSupply Chain Management: Empathetic Ethical Good listener Passionate Visionary Being empathetic is a very important characteristic of a good leader and is defined as something that determines the ability to understand one or more persons in any situation, whether professional, social, family etc. One of the most important qualities of empathy is the ability to listen without judgment and thus know and understand the needs of the other person, in other words to be in the shoes of the person you are talking to. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Workshop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This characteristic certainly helps the human being to strengthen relationships ND resolve any difference, as well as also help resolve any problem or simply to advise and direct efficiently. Ethics is defined as an essential characteristic in which it applies and develops all moral principles, also implies sincerity, honesty and love for oneself. It is a powerful tool in leadership because it always wins the respect of society, and generates consistency and freedom to the person who possesses it.The ethics leads us to the conclusion that what really matters is not the work or the specific action but the intention With which it IS done. Good Listener Listener is the person who has the ability to concentrate fully in a conversation in order to decipher easily what the other person wants to communicate. One way to achieve this is that the listener giving feedback in the form of a paraphrased rendition of what has been said by the other party for their confirmation.A listener tends to increase and strengthen the knowledge and thus grow in all aspects, in addition to improve communication skills and concentration. Another important aspect of a good listener is regularly responds according to what the other person is interested, that is answered correctly. Generally a good listener is a good communicator. The word passion, as defined by the dictionary, is defined as any powerful or compelling emotion or feeling, which means that, is the underlying force that fuels our strongest emotions. It fills us with energy and excitement and it heightens our performance.When passion is in force, we are carried away in our experience, losing track of time and effort, and performing difficult tasks almost without effort. Leaders with such passion gladly work countless hours, work against all Odds and obstacles and successfully use their passion to achieve their overall objectives. So before you can inspire and lead others, you must be passionate about your own work. Visionary Visionary is a person who has the ability to clearly see a plan or goal for wanting to fight and he knows that will give added value to his life, the people around him and the world in general.The visionary has a decision and desire to begin their journey as soon as possible because he knows that time is important. One of the most important challenges of the visionary is to define and find the resources needed to achieve the goal, certainly there is time to analyze, as there is a time to make decisions and take action, but somewhere there must be a time for you dare to challenge your current reality, and be able to imagine what today seems difficult to achieve from your current resources and knowledge.Self Rating on the Five Ch aracteristics Most Important Leadership Characteristics for Aledo Guttering Leaders IP Trait 2 3 5 ; Empathetic ; Ethical ; Good listener ; Passionate ; Visionary Five-Point Scale: A great deal of improvement needed Substantial improvement needed Moderate improvement still needed A little more improvement needed No improvement needed Improvement plan for One Leadership Characteristic want to improve and work on being a Visionary.After reading some books, articles, and researchers, attending seminars and taking to people I found out that whether want to be an authentic leader I have to change my life, my way to act, my way to think and so on. In order to do that I started the process sometime ago being willing to change anything in my life, so now it is time to jump to the next step which is to be a visionary. I picked this characteristic because is one of the greatest challenges for me, and also cause I think is one of the most important ability to be developed as a leader.In other words want to be a leader to be more productive, effective and efficient in my life, and contribute and collaborate with my leadership any. Veered I am. My plan to achieve this characteristic is to read more about it, take some courses and seminars relating to, ask questions and observe leaders at work and anywhere even on TV in order to emulate things from them, but most importantly practice, practice and practice everything I will be learning (Be able to experiment, try new things, and take care to nurture my imagination) on this topic.For example, I will check out the program TED talk entitled How Great Leaders Inspire Action by Simon Sink . It will help me clarify my leadership vision. Another resource is the book Creative dervish: Skills That Drive Change by Gerard Puccini. This book covers 7 thinking skills (including visionary). This book will help me put visionary thinking into context as well as develop the supporting skills to bring my vision to fruition. I do not think I can be a visionary to 100% in 1, 2, 10 or 20 years from now, because I think can improve on this field for the rest of my fife, but I want to see much improvement in a year.I will hang in there despite any obstacle and work very hard to accomplish it ASAP. One of my favorite visionaries is Walt Disney who was so persistent in his dream. As my mentor have an opportunity to learn many things from him, for instance how he persevered when things were not working out. He is an inspiration to me to persevere in my goals. My leader profile is very broad but this summarizes my view of one. A strong leader inspires team with their vision of what should happen and supply the main goal, but allow members to choose their own way of reaching it.

The Importance of Environmental Awareness Essays

The Importance of Environmental Awareness Essays The Importance of Environmental Awareness Paper The Importance of Environmental Awareness Paper However, recent cases have shown that nations around the world are contaminating the globes atmosphere as they use it in efforts to clear waste. As more nations are becoming industrialized due to the globalization of world economies, there is a greater amount of discharge from different types of production. In brief, the degradation of the global atmosphere is caused by practically everyone around the world. Unlike countries which have specific boundaries that specify territorial restrictions, the atmosphere does not have an owner; it literally belongs to every individual that steps foot on this planet. Therefore it is important that the general public becomes aware of the consequences that may emerge because of environmental mistreatment. According to the popular journal article, The Great Climate Sellout by Ruth Conning, it seems as though the issue of global warming is being put on the back burner by Washington and its administrators. There is more focus is on issuing new nuclear loan guarantees and opening up the Eastern seaboard to new offshore drilling. Conning states, given a historic opportunity to do something about the biggest threat to the health of the entire world, President Obama and the Democrats ultimately decided to do nothing (20). Truth is that the governments attention is no longer on environmental issues UT on other pressing issues associated with immigration and the economy. As newspaper headlines are no longer filled with disastrous oil spills across the globe, Democrats deserted their work on passing some form of legislation that tries to improve the effects on climate change. As the world gets warmer, oil-soaked birds are ignored establishing a huge unawareness by society towards the preservation of the Earth Furthermore, although much blame is given to the Obama administration, Republicans have some part to do with it as it has also disregarded the environmental topic. As stated by the author, On the one side there were the Democrats Kerry, who led climate-change negotiations in the Senate, and Obama, giving industry everything it wanted and on the other side were the Republicans, also demanding favors for industry, but fearful of looking even slightly concerned about the future of the planet (21). Even though there are a few beneficial energy projects taking place that could accomplish some sort of cutback in emissions, the budget does not say much on what Obama and his administration will do to effectively decrease the discharge of carbon elution by the largest emitters such as power plants and automobiles. Of course one needs to not hold Obama fully accountable for the governments failure to act. Reality is that without some sort of mutual effort and agreement between both chambers in Congress, the House and Senate, practically nothing can be passed in Washington. Consequently, the President is at the mercy of the House and especially the Senate on many key issues making him fully dependent. However, according to Conning, the good news is that environmental groups are not just standing with their arms crossed as the world slowly collapses afore our very eyes. As stated by the author, Greenback, Friends of the Earth, and the Rainforests Action Network, along with some other groups, formed a breakaway coalition called Climate Reality Check, which abandoned the nationalization tactics of the mainstream environ groups and began to criticize weak emissions reductions targets and other compromises by the Obama Administration and Democrats in Congress (21 These efforts show that even though the political terrain may be getting difficult for many activist, environmental awareness is not abandoned signifying that we better start owe before it is too late. Although there is still a long way ahead of us in establishing a comprehensive climate reform, the key for success in finally accomplishing full environmental regulation is for society to act as one as it involves every single one of us. As we are all aware, our global environment has always had climate issues as personal burden. We, as individuals, need to play a role to impact our global climate for the better. In Zinnia Salsa Mahout Housing article, Housewifes Awareness of Global Climate Changes and its Relationship with Behavioral Practices Associated with Some Resources in the Home Environment one of his main focal points is on the correlation between housewives and the global climate. He presents his research indicating that the more knowledge a housewife has about the global environment in terms of the uses of its natural resources in their home, the better the impact is on the global climate. For the most part women have always played the prominent role in the household, managing the family needs inside the house and dealing with most natural resources as stated by Yogis (70). For instance women deal with power and household appliances as they do daily routines such as the general cleaning and every day cooking. Decorative plant resources are also used as they decorate the house to not just impress visitors but to have a higher standard of living. Of course water resource cannot be forgotten about as it is a key component almost everything we eat or drink. Last but not least women in general manage house wastes resources as they are usually the ones to determine what is still in use and what can be considered as garbage. Moreover, Yogis goes on to say that by gassing awareness on correct behavioral practices towards the environment, it will drastically cut down on inadequate behavior such as exaggerated consumption of home resources (71 ). Examples of these type of behavior may range from leaving the water running when brushing ones teeth to leaving lights on that are not in use for an extended period of time. Furthermore, he argues that correct practices will have a trickle-down effect on children. This idea does make sense as children start to develop a full conscious of their surroundings in the adolescent stage. Not only is childhood radical in understanding what the necessary steps are in trying to preserve the earth for future generations, it is practically the only stage that will permit these customs to really take root. As time passes, each generation will be better than the previous in taking the proper decisions for world protection and itll turn into a way of life rather than a job to be accomplished. Concentrating on housewives is a tremendous thought not only because it impacts the usage of proper practices on natural resources but also takes note of everyone else in the household. When it comes to the love of ones family, leaving the world a better place for the future of our children is a visible consideration. In the article Lessons from Lost Worlds by Jarred Diamond, the author comes to an awareness of the global environment after the birth of his twin sons. He argues that while he was growing up there was talk about environmental problems occurring around the year of 2050 but he never gave it enough thought since he wouldnt be alive at that time. Although the year 2050 was unreal for him, he could not say the same about his children as they would have reached the GE of 63 in the year 2050. In brief, this awareness made him realize that the state of the world during the middle of this century will have a tremendous effect on his children and of course for other children across the nation. As the lives of future generations are threaten by world conditions Diamond comes up with a set of lessons that we may be able to grasp from past events in different societies that are similar to the one we are facing in todays world. Diamond introduces with a historical perspective as he states: Many past societies collapsed partly from their failure to solve problems animal to those we face today- especially problems of deforestation, water management, topsoil loss and climate change. The long list of victims includes the Nazis in the U. S. Southwest, the Maya, Easter Islanders, the Greenland Norse, Mycenaean Greeks and inhabitants of the Fertile Crescent, the Indus Valley, Great Zanzibar and Angora Watt. The outcomes ranged from just a collapse of society, to the deaths of most people, to (in some cases) everyones ending up dead (417). The present global environment is experiencing problems that suffer much rater consequences than what the Indus Valley, Maya, the Nazis, etc. Faced. Those societies experienced a downfall with a population that is practically nothing compared to our present-day population which is indeed much larger. In addition, a larger population indicates that consumption is at a much larger rate which will lead to a much more catastrophic demise to our population if it is altered in any negative way. Furthermore, the collapse of numerous societies in the past makes it clear that misfortune and ultimately collapse was not avoided by its population although it could have. The question is, if past societies saw environmental problems building up that would fundamentally lead to the destruction of their empire, why was absolutely nothing done about it? Diamond makes a humorous remark stating that generations in the future will be asking the exact same question about our generation now which is why it is necessary to not commit the same mistakes done in the past and take initial action (418). He concentrates on short vs.. Long term effects that harm our society but may not be completely obvious for the typical American citizen to point out. As Americans o whatever they can to leave a wealthy lifestyle in the short run, harm is committed on everyone else due to this selfishness. So when trying to get Americans to recycle and look out for the community, its best to emphasize that its good for them individually instead of indicating the broad benefits. In todays world or at least in the United States motivation is driven by self serving acts, something that needs to change urgently. Nevertheless, hope is not lost for Diamond as he states that problems we face today are fixable in the sense that they do have an attainable solution. Diamond says, the risk we face isnt that of an asteroid collision beyond our ability to avoid.

Fight Club Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fight Club - Movie Review Example Tyler Durden expresses the belief that previous generations were defined by the battles they fought, whether those battles were on the battlefields in Germany and Japan, or the battlefields on college campuses in the 1960s. Man--the male--especially has been defined through violence, and the lack of either a "proper, respectable" American war between Vietnam between the Gulf War or any social cause around which the youth rallied stripped that immediate definition away from a couple of generations. The result was unquestioning acceptance of consumerist mentality and the idea that you could define yourself by what you own instead of what you believed in and fought for. This failing led to a true existential moment that is dramatized perfectly in this film. At the beginning of the film the character of Jack is living in fat city in his prefabricated "essence." But as Sartre says, "man chooses his own self" (279) and the movie follows Jack's existential journey as he does that very thing. What makes this film so terrific, however, and what makes it stand out from similar films is that the fight for Jack's identity is presented not as an existential struggle between a man and his own soul, but rather as a struggle between two different men. Enter Tyler Durden, who forces Ja